Detailed Breakdown of Zelenskyy's 20 Peace Terms
World
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy has presented an unprecedentedly detailed 20-point peace plan developed with the United States. From the joint management of the Zaporizhzhia NPP to the mechanism of security guarantees, the document describes the architecture of a post-war settlement. Below is a detailed breakdown of each point.
Point 1: Sovereignty. All parties will document the sovereignty of Ukraine as a state.
Point 2: Non-Aggression Agreement. The document will be a full and unconditional non-aggression agreement between Russia and Ukraine. A monitoring mechanism using space and unmanned technologies will be created to control the line of contact.
Point 3: Security Guarantees. Ukraine will receive "firm" international guarantees for its security.
Point 4: Size of the Army. In peacetime, the Armed Forces of Ukraine (AFU) will number 800,000 people.
Point 5: Guarantee Mechanism. The US, NATO, and European allies will provide guarantees similar to NATO's Article 5 (collective defense). These guarantees will come into force if Russia attacks Ukraine but will be annulled if Ukraine attacks Russia first.
Point 6: Russia's Commitments. Russia will legally enshrine (including ratification by the State Duma) a policy of non-aggression towards Ukraine and Europe.
Point 7: EU Membership. Ukraine will receive a specific date for accession to the European Union, which is seen as one of the security guarantees. Prior to accession, it will be granted privileged access to the European market.
Point 8: Economic Development. A separate agreement on large-scale investments and "prosperity" for Ukraine's recovery and development will be adopted.
Point 9: Recovery Fund. The goal is to attract $800 billion from public and private sources for the country's recovery.
Point 10: Free Trade. Ukraine will accelerate the conclusion of a free trade agreement with the US.
Point 11: Non-Nuclear Status. Ukraine reaffirms its non-nuclear status under the Non-Proliferation Treaty.
Point 12: Zaporizhzhia NPP. The most debated point. Two management models for the plant are being considered:
US Proposal: Joint management by Ukraine, the US, and Russia (33% each).
Ukrainian Proposal: A joint venture between Ukraine and the US (50/50%). Ukraine receives 50% of the electricity, the US manages the other half.
Point 13: Humanitarian Issues. The parties undertake to implement educational programs promoting tolerance and ensure the protection of minority rights.
Point 14: Territorial Issue and Borders. The most complex point. Two scenarios are proposed:
Main: The line of contact in Donetsk, Luhansk, Zaporizhzhia, and Kherson regions as of the signing date is recognized as the de facto border. A demilitarized or special economic zone may be created in parts of these territories (Donbas, Energodar).
Alternative: For the agreement to enter into force, Russia must withdraw troops from four more regions: Dnipropetrovsk, Mykolaiv, Sumy, and Kharkiv.
Point 15: Inviolability of Borders. After the borders are fixed, the parties undertake not to change them by force.
Point 16: Navigation. Russia will not impede Ukrainian commercial navigation on the Dnipro River and in the Black Sea. The Kinburn Spit will be demilitarized.
Point 17: Humanitarian Committee. A committee will be created for the return of all prisoners of war, hostages, and to address the problems of conflict victims.
Point 18: Elections. Ukraine will hold presidential elections shortly after the agreement is signed.
Point 19: Implementation Control. A "Peace Council" chaired by Donald Trump with the participation of all parties will be created for control. Sanctions are envisaged for violations.
Point 20: Ceasefire and Ratification. After all parties agree, a ceasefire regime takes effect immediately. Ukraine may ratify the agreement through parliament or an all-Ukrainian referendum.
Point 2: Non-Aggression Agreement. The document will be a full and unconditional non-aggression agreement between Russia and Ukraine. A monitoring mechanism using space and unmanned technologies will be created to control the line of contact.
Point 3: Security Guarantees. Ukraine will receive "firm" international guarantees for its security.
Point 4: Size of the Army. In peacetime, the Armed Forces of Ukraine (AFU) will number 800,000 people.
Point 5: Guarantee Mechanism. The US, NATO, and European allies will provide guarantees similar to NATO's Article 5 (collective defense). These guarantees will come into force if Russia attacks Ukraine but will be annulled if Ukraine attacks Russia first.
Point 6: Russia's Commitments. Russia will legally enshrine (including ratification by the State Duma) a policy of non-aggression towards Ukraine and Europe.
Point 7: EU Membership. Ukraine will receive a specific date for accession to the European Union, which is seen as one of the security guarantees. Prior to accession, it will be granted privileged access to the European market.
Point 8: Economic Development. A separate agreement on large-scale investments and "prosperity" for Ukraine's recovery and development will be adopted.
Point 9: Recovery Fund. The goal is to attract $800 billion from public and private sources for the country's recovery.
Point 10: Free Trade. Ukraine will accelerate the conclusion of a free trade agreement with the US.
Point 11: Non-Nuclear Status. Ukraine reaffirms its non-nuclear status under the Non-Proliferation Treaty.
Point 12: Zaporizhzhia NPP. The most debated point. Two management models for the plant are being considered:
US Proposal: Joint management by Ukraine, the US, and Russia (33% each).
Ukrainian Proposal: A joint venture between Ukraine and the US (50/50%). Ukraine receives 50% of the electricity, the US manages the other half.
Point 13: Humanitarian Issues. The parties undertake to implement educational programs promoting tolerance and ensure the protection of minority rights.
Point 14: Territorial Issue and Borders. The most complex point. Two scenarios are proposed:
Main: The line of contact in Donetsk, Luhansk, Zaporizhzhia, and Kherson regions as of the signing date is recognized as the de facto border. A demilitarized or special economic zone may be created in parts of these territories (Donbas, Energodar).
Alternative: For the agreement to enter into force, Russia must withdraw troops from four more regions: Dnipropetrovsk, Mykolaiv, Sumy, and Kharkiv.
Point 15: Inviolability of Borders. After the borders are fixed, the parties undertake not to change them by force.
Point 16: Navigation. Russia will not impede Ukrainian commercial navigation on the Dnipro River and in the Black Sea. The Kinburn Spit will be demilitarized.
Point 17: Humanitarian Committee. A committee will be created for the return of all prisoners of war, hostages, and to address the problems of conflict victims.
Point 18: Elections. Ukraine will hold presidential elections shortly after the agreement is signed.
Point 19: Implementation Control. A "Peace Council" chaired by Donald Trump with the participation of all parties will be created for control. Sanctions are envisaged for violations.
Point 20: Ceasefire and Ratification. After all parties agree, a ceasefire regime takes effect immediately. Ukraine may ratify the agreement through parliament or an all-Ukrainian referendum.
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